EYES on Cataracts

As we get older, chances are that we, or someone we know, will develop cataracts – in one or both eyes.  It’s part of the aging process and the changes in our eyes can start from, roughly, the age of 40.   They affect people in different ways – some say they just make things a bit hazy (like looking through a mist), others report that colours aren’t as bright and in some people, they cause significant vision loss.

We see many cases here at EYES on St Albans so we thought we’d explain a little more about what they are, how they occur and how they can be treated.

What are cataracts?

A cataract occurs when the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, which impairs vision. The lens is responsible for focusing light onto the retina at the back of the eye, allowing you to see clearly. When a cataract forms, this process is disrupted, leading to blurred or hazy vision.

Cataracts develop when proteins in the lens of the eye begin to clump together, forming cloudy areas that scatter light. Several factors contribute to the development of cataracts, with aging being the most common cause. However, cataracts can also result from other factors, including:

1. Aging: Most cataracts are age-related, typically developing in people over 60. As we age, the proteins in the lens naturally begin to break down and clump together, forming cloudy patches.
2. UV Radiation Exposure: Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can accelerate the development of cataracts. Wearing sunglasses that block UV rays can help protect the eyes.
3. Diabetes: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing cataracts, particularly if their blood sugar levels are not well controlled.
4. Trauma: Injuries to the eye can cause cataracts to form, sometimes immediately or years later, due to damage to the lens.
5. Medications: Certain medications, particularly corticosteroids, have been linked to an increased risk of cataracts when used for extended periods.
6. Smoking and Alcohol Use: Both smoking and excessive alcohol consumption have been shown to increase the likelihood of developing cataracts.
7. Genetics: Some people inherit a predisposition to cataracts, and congenital cataracts can occur in babies due to genetic factors or infections during pregnancy.
8. Radiation Exposure: Exposure to radiation, whether from cancer treatments or other sources, can contribute to cataract formation.

Can you prevent cataracts?

Not really – it’s estimated that over 90% of the population will get them over time.  The longer we live, the greater the chances.  However (and we’ll never miss the opportunity to nudge you about your eye health), making sure you have regular EYES examinations, wearing your sunglasses, giving yourself screen breaks, staying well hydrated and eating a balanced diet can all help.

How do I know if I’ve got them?

You might experience some changes in your vision – so book yourself in for an EYES examination and we’ll do the rest.  If you’ve got a family history of cataracts, you’re more likely (but not guaranteed) to get them at some point .

Will I need surgery?

Cataract surgery is one of the most frequently performed, and successful, operations in the world.  Recovery is typically fast with people noticing an improvement in a few days

In the past, cataracts have had to be ‘ripe’ or ‘mature’ before operations were carried out.  This meant people often had moderate to severe vision loss and their lifestyle was severely affected. 

Now, most surgeons are happy to perform cataract surgery as soon as the first signs appear – getting people back to clear vision and their normal lifestyle as quickly as they can. 

We can refer you to the NHS or a private surgeon should you wish.

As ever, if you’re worried about your eyesight, notice any changes or just have that feeling that something’s not quite right, pop into the shop for a chat and we’ll be more than happy to help.